Polybutylene terephthalate (PBAT) waxay ku dhowdahay kaamil marka loo eego kuwa badan.
Ka dib tobanaan sano oo ay ku guuldareysteen in ay joojiyaan alaabtooda oo ku dhamaanaysa qashinka qashinka iyo badaha, kuwa sameeya polymer-ka synthetic ayaa cadaadis lagu saarayaa inay qaadaan mas'uuliyadda.Qaar badan ayaa laban laabaya dadaalkooda ku aaddan horumarinta dib u warshadaynta si ay isaga ilaaliyaan dhaleeceynta.Shirkado kale ayaa isku dayaya in ay wax ka qabtaan dhibaatada qashinka iyaga oo maalgashanaya balaastikada biodegradable-ka ah sida polylactic acid (PLA) iyo polyhydroxy fatty acid esters (PHA), iyaga oo rajaynaya in xaalufka dabiiciga ahi uu yareeyo ugu yaraan qaar ka mid ah qashinka.
Laakin dib u warshadaynta iyo biopolymers labaduba waxay wajahaan caqabado.Tusaale ahaan, in kasta oo sannado dadaallo ah, Maraykanku weli wuxuu dib u warshadeeyaa wax ka yar 10 boqolkiiba balaastikada.Iyo polymers-ku-saleysan bio- inta badan alaabada halsano - waxay ku dhibtoonayaan inay gaaraan waxqabadka iyo cabirka polymers-ka synthetic ee loogu talagalay in lagu beddelo.
PBAT waxay isku daraysaa qaar ka mid ah sifooyinka faa'iidada leh ee polymers-ka synthetic iyo bio-based.Waxaa laga soo qaatay alaabada petrochemical ee caadiga ah - terephthalic acid (PTA) la safeeyey, butanediol iyo adipic acid, laakiin waa biodegradable.Sida polymer synthetic, si fudud ayaa loo soo saari karaa, waxayna leedahay sifooyinka jireed ee loo baahan yahay si loo sameeyo filim jilicsan oo la mid ah kuwa caagagga dhaqameed.
Xiisaha PBAT ayaa kor u kacaya.Soosaarayaasha la aasaasay sida BASF ee Jarmalka iyo Novamont ee Talyaanigu waxay arkayaan baahida korodhay ka dib tobanaan sano oo suuqa kobcinayey.Waxay ku biireen in ka badan nus darsin soosaarayaal Aasiyaan ah kuwaas oo rajeynaya in ganacsiga polymer-ka uu kobcayo iyada oo dawladaha gobolku ay riixayaan waaritaanka.
Marc Verbruggen, oo ah maamulihii hore ee soo saaraha PLA NatureWorks oo hadda ah lataliye madax-bannaan, ayaa aaminsan in PBAT ay tahay "wax soo saarka bioplastic ugu jaban uguna fudud" wuxuuna aaminsan yahay in PBAT ay noqonayso bioplastic-ka ugu sarreeya ee dabacsan, Waxay ka horeysaa poly succinate butanediol ester ( PBS) iyo tartamayaasha PHA.Waxayna u badan tahay inay la safato PLA oo ah labada balaastiig ee ugu muhimsan ee noolaha, taas oo uu sheegay inay noqonayso badeecada ugu badan ee codsiyada adag.
Ramani Narayan, oo ah borofisar ku takhasusay injineerinka kiimikada ee Jaamacadda Michigan State, ayaa sheegay in PBAT's barta ugu weyn ee iibinta - ay biodegradability - ka timaadda bonds ester, halkii kaarboon-carbon qalfoof ee polymers aan dumin karin sida polyetylen.Xirmooyinka Ester-ka ayaa si fudud loo nadiifiyaa oo ay waxyeelleeyaan enzymes.
Tusaale ahaan, aashitada polylactic iyo PHA waa polyester-ka hoos u dhiga marka curaarta ester-koodu jabo.Laakiin polyester-ka ugu caansan - polyetylen terephthalate (PET), oo loo isticmaalo fiilooyinka iyo dhalooyinka soodhaha - si fudud uma jabna.Tani waa sababta oo ah giraanta udgoonka ee qalfoofkeeda waxay ka timid PTA.Sida laga soo xigtay Narayan, siddooyinka bixiya guryaha dhisme waxay sidoo kale sameeyaan PET hydrophobic."Biyaha ma fududa in la galo waxayna hoos u dhigtaa dhammaan habka biyo-ilaalinta," ayuu yidhi.
Basf waxay samaysaa polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyester ka samaysan butanediol.Cilmi-baarayaasha shirkadu waxay raadiyeen polymer-ka noolaha oo ay si fudud u soo saari karaan.Waxay ku beddeleen qaar ka mid ah PTA ee PBT oo leh adipose diacid glycolic acid.Sidan oo kale, qaybaha udugga ee polymer-ka ayaa la kala soocay si ay u noqdaan kuwo noole ah.Isla mar ahaantaana, PTA ku filan ayaa laga tagay si loo siiyo polymer-ka guryaha qiimaha leh.
Narayan waxa uu rumaysan yahay in PBAT ay waxyar ka badan tahay biodegradable marka loo eego PLA, taas oo u baahan compost warshadaha si ay u jajabaan.Laakin kuma tartami karto PHA-yada ganacsi ahaan loo heli karo, kuwaas oo ah kuwo noolayaal ah oo lagu noolaan karo xaaladaha dabiiciga ah, xitaa deegaanka badda.
Khubaradu waxay inta badan barbar dhigaan sifooyinka jireed ee PBAT iyo polyetylen cufnaanta hoose, oo ah polymer laastik ah oo loo isticmaalo samaynta filimada, sida bacaha qashinka.
PBAT waxaa badanaa lagu qasaa PLA, polymer adag oo leh sifooyin u eg polystyrene.Summada Basf's Ecovio waxay ku salaysan tahay isku-dhafkan.Tusaale ahaan, Verbruggen waxa uu sheegay in bacda wax iibsiga ee la cuni karo ay caadi ahaan ka kooban tahay 85% PBAT iyo 15% PLA.
Novamont waxay ku daraysaa cabbir kale cuntada.Shirkaddu waxay isku daraysaa PBAT iyo polyester-yada udgoon ee kale ee biodegradable leh istaarijka si ay u abuurto resins codsiyo gaar ah.
Stefano Facco, maamulaha horumarinta ganacsiga cusub ee shirkadda, ayaa yiri: "30-kii sano ee la soo dhaafay, Novamont waxay diiradda saartay codsiyada halkaasoo awoodaha hoos u dhaca ay ku kordhin karaan qiimaha alaabta lafteeda."
Suuq weyn oo loogu talagalay PBAT waa mulch, kaas oo ku faafay hareeraha dalagyada si looga hortago haramaha iyo caawinta ilaalinta qoyaanka.Marka filimka polyetylen la isticmaalo, waa in la soo jiidaa oo inta badan lagu aaso meelaha qashin qubka.Laakiin filimaanta noole-ka-soo-baxa ayaa si toos ah loogu beeran karaa ciidda.
Suuq kale oo weyn ayaa ah bacaha qashinka lagu shubo ee adeega cuntada iyo ururinta guriga ee qashinka cuntada iyo dayrka.
Bacaha shirkadaha sida BioBag, oo ay dhawaan heshay Novamont, ayaa lagu iibinayay tafaariiqda muddo sanado ah.
Waqtiga boostada: 26-11-21